The niger delta basin, also referred to as the niger delta province, is an extensional rift basin located in the niger delta and the gulf of guinea on the passive. Gas chromatographic gc technique was used for the analysis of the oil samples collected from northwestern niger delta. Past and present environmental issues in the nigerias niger delta article pdf available september 20 with 39,425 reads how we measure reads. During this period, conflict has escalated significantly while governance indicators, for the most part, have stubbornly refused to improve. Oil exploration and poverty in the niger delta region of. Structural and stratigraphic mapping of emi field, offshore.
The niger delta basin is situated in the gulf of guinea in equatorial west africa, between latitudes 30n and 60n and longitudes 50e and 80e reijers et al, 1996 fig. Oil and violence in the niger delta isnt talked about. Afr 440172009 6 research for this report this report is based on fieldwork carried out in the niger delta in march and april 2008, as well as desk research and followup research from london between may 2008 and may 2009. The region is blessed with abundance of human and physical resources, including the majority of nigerias oil and. The sedimentary process of umunya isa replica of what took place in the ancient time and gave rise to prolific reservoirs of the niger delta fields like the agbami and bongagiant fields. It is also regarded as one of the highly productive sedimentary basins in the subsaharan africa, due to. Geological and hydrological realities vs parochialism the campaign against the corporate existence of the nigerian nationstate, whether in the name of restructuring, confederation. Therefore galloways approach is preferred here for delta wide stratigraphic correlation. Hydrocarbon charge in petroleum systems of the niger delta. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation in the niger delta of nigeria. Geologic map of the niger delta showing depobelts and structural elements.
Sequence stratigraphic framework of the paradisefield. These tracemetal data, together with the organic geochemistry and physical properties of the oil indicate that the niger delta source rocks contain predominately. Petroleum geology of cretaceoustertiary rift basins in niger, chad, and central african republic authors. With an area covering over 20 thousand square kilometers, the niger delta region has, as part of its characteristics, a rambling waterways.
The geology of the tertiary niger delta province has been described by several workers short and stauble, 1967. Assessing wetland services in the niger delta, nigeria. Stratigraphic evolution of the tertiary niger delta and underlying cretaceous strata is described by. It has had disastrous impacts on the environment in the region and has adversely. Oil and gas in the niger delta are primarily produced from sandstones and unconsolidated sands mainly in the agbada formation.
In 1965, the delta 1 well was completed and the delta field opened in 1968 for production. Apr 30, 2009 the niger delta started to evolve in early tertiary times when clastic river input increased doust and omatsola, 1989. S1 abstract the niger delta, an area of roughly 30,000km2, is experiencing physical development challenges due to poor soil conditions, a situation which has escalated project cost and as a consequence impeded development. The niger delta, situated at the apex of the gulf of guinea on the west coast of africa, covers an area of about 75 000 km2. The ideas expressed on location, geologic and tectonic setting is from. The niger delta is a wavedominated delta located on the continental margin of the gulf of guinea that formed in the paleogene. Briefly, the delta evolution is closely associated with the formation of the benue. Maps showing the geological setting of the niger delta in a section 8. The third cycle, from eocene to recent, marked the continuous growth of the main niger delta. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation. This basin is very complex, and it carries high economic value as it contains a very. It is also regarded as one of the highly productive sedimentary basins in the subsaharan africa, due to its rich hydrocarbon content. Niger delta province, nigeria, cameroon, and equatorial guinea, africa by michele l. The company operates around 3 oil blocks in its region after it acquired a 100% stake and operatorship of the omerelu farm out area in 2014 from the nnpcchevron jv.
Nigerias oil and gas operations comprises of assets and infrastructure including 5,284 oil wells, 10 gas plants, 275 flow stations and 10 export terminals 3. Past and present environmental issues in the nigerias niger delta. The niger delta petroleum system usgs publications repository. Niger delta is the youngest sedimentary basin within the benue trough system. Niger delta petroleum systems, nigeria request pdf. Petroleum geology of the niger delta abstract the niger delta is a large, arcuate delta of the destructive, wavedominated type. American journal of environmental protection, 14, 7890. Psintegrated reservoir quality study of deepwater clastic deposits, offshore western niger delta, nigeria c. The niger delta is the center of oil and gas production in nigeria, accounting for about 80% of total government revenue, 95% of foreign exchange and over 80% of national wealth tell, february 18, 2008. The niger delta, on the west african continental margin fig. Estimation of reservoir potentials of two wells in niger. The niger delta region is situated in the gulf of guinea between longitude 50e to 80e and latitudes 4 0n to 6n, as shown in figure 1, opafunso, 2007.
During the cenozoic, until the middle miocene, the niger delta grew through pulses of sedimentation over an oceanwarddipping continental basement into the gulf of guinea. The niger delta is located in the atlantic coast of southern nigeria and is the worlds second largest delta with a coastline of about 450km which ends at imo river entrance awosika, international journal of environment and pollution research vol. Regional stratigraphic setting the niger delta forms the seaward end of a nesworiented failed rift basin called the benue trough and is bounded to the east by the cameroon volcanic line, to the. From the eocene to the present, the delta has prograded southwestward, forming depobelts that represent the most active portion of the delta at each stage or its development. The first steps in this report were taken more than a year ago, well before ill health weakened and then led to the death of former president umaru musa yaradua. The region is the most blessed deltas in the world, in both human and material resources but the unfavorable manner in which these resources are harnessed overtime, is the bane of the regions predicament.
Pd 41 petroleum geology of the niger delta onepetro. Case study of field x, niger delta kelechi azubuike ijomah1, beka f. The tertiary niger delta is one of the major regressive deltaic sequences in the world. Niger delta akataagbada petroleum system of9950h, chapter a. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the niger delta sciendo. Bj katz energy technology company, chevron, 1500 lousiana, houston, tx 77002, usa rc haack energy technology company, 6001 bollinger canyon, san ramon, ca 94583, usa.
The delta field is located offshore from nigeria on oil mining leases oml 49 and 95. Many villages experienced the internal quaking of the wrath of gas flames. The niger delta basin, also referred to as the niger delta province, is an extensional rift basin located in the niger delta and the gulf of guinea on the passive continental margin near the western coast of nigeria with suspected or proven access to cameroon, equatorial guinea and sao tome and principe. Oil and gas in the niger delta are primarily produced from sandstones and unconsolidated sands mainly in the.
The oil industry in the niger delta is dominated by multinational corporations such as chevron. Little work has been done in this section to ascertain its geology. The niger delta is ranked among the worlds major hydrocarbon provinces in the world. The key environmental issues in the niger delta of nigeria relate to its petroleum and industry. Improved understanding of the petroleum systems of the. Geological map of the niger delta and surroundings. The northern boundary is the benin flank an eastnortheast trending hinge line south of the west africa basement massif. Structural and stratigraphic mapping of delta field, agbada. Kurowska university of silesia department of fundamental geology sosnowiec poland abstract niger delta sedimentary basin is a large arcuate delta of the destructive dominated wave type that has been explored for oil and gas and exploited since 1958. Geology department ahmadu bello university zaria, nigeria e. Structural and stratigraphic mapping of delta field. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the niger delta in. Integrated reservoir quality study of deepwater clastic. It seeks to operate as an integrated oil and gas company.
This is located within the niger delta basin and sits in 12 feet of water. Northern delta, greater ughelli, central swamp, and coastal swamp and offshore depobelts. A large part of the area consists of salt water swamp and parts. Formation evaluation of an onshore oil field, niger delta. The niger delta terrain is dense and difficult, and it gives the rebels plenty of cover as henry kissinger once remarked about the vietcong during the vietnam war, the niger delta rebels are. The basins evolution and stratigraphy is well studied short and stauble, 1967, burke, 1972, weber and daukoru, 1975, avbovbo, 1978, whiteman, 1982, doust and omatsola, 1990, kulke, 1995.
In other words, the niger delta includes the states of abia, akwa ibom, bayelsa, cross river, delta, edo, imo, ondo and rivers. Brief geology of niger delta crude oil production in nigeria is produce in the niger delta of nigeria. The depobelts in this basin form one of the largest regressive deltas in. The niger delta is framed on the northwest by a subsurface continuation of the west african shield, the benin flank. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the niger delta 5 wide genetic sequences as defined by galloway 1989 and consisting of strata bounded by maximum flooding surfaces within transgressive shales are more readily identifiable in the niger delta. Ken sarowiwa was a leading figure in the 500,000strong ogoni community in rivers state and. The work included 50,000 km of modern reflection seismic, 53 exploration wells, 1,000,000 km 2 of aeromagnetic coverage, and about 10,500 km of gravity profiles. Geology and tectonic setting of the niger delta basin. Improved understanding of the petroleum systems of the niger. Reservoir geology and sequence stratigraphy of deep water sediments, offshore depobelt, niger delta, nigeria matthew o. Generally the delta prograded over the subsidizing continentaloceanic lithospheric transition zone, and during the oligocene spread onto oceanic crust of the gulf of guinea adesida et al. Environmental impacts of oil mining activities in the. Oil exploration and security challenges in the nigerdelta. Field evaluation in a complex sedimentary environment is always tedious due to problems associated with imaging of the subsurface in such areas.
Evaluation and prospect identification in the olive field, niger delta. Linkages between crudeoil exploration and agricultural. Oil extraction has caused negative socioeconomic and environmental problems in the niger delta, where as the nigerian state has benefited immensely from petroleum since it was discovered in commercial quantities in 1956. It is the most important in the west african continental margin. Tertiary niger delta akataagbada petroleum system no. Oil exploration, security challenges, niger delta, environmental problems, and oil spillages. Our publiclyowned company and its subsidiaries continually strive to establish an active partnership with the host communities in which we conduct our operations. The first began with a marine incursion in the middle cretaceous and was terminated by a mild folding phase in santonian time.
The main objective of this study is to perform geophysical. Many nigerians perceive the niger delta as synonymous with the oil producing areas of nigeria. Summary of the geology of the study area the studied area is located in parts of the onshore zone in the niger delta sedimentary basin, nigeria fig. A sequence of undercompacted marine clays, overlain by paralic deposits, in turn covered by continental sands, is present throughout, builtup by the imbricated super position of numerous offlap cycles.
The niger delta started to evolve in early tertiary times when clastic river input increased doust and omatsola, 1989. Geological section through the sedimentary layers of the niger deltas mouth 9. The niger delta is a wetland of about 76,000 sq km and has the largest mangrove forest in africa 11,4 sq km and the fourth largest in the world spalding et al. Petroleum, pollution and poverty in the niger delta amnesty international june 2009 index. Petroleum pipelines, spillages and the environment of the. It is the largest wetland and maintains the thirdlargest drainage basin in africa. A new threefold lithostratigraphic subdivision is introduced for the niger delta subsurface, comprising an upper sandy benin formation, an intervening unit of alternating sandstone and shale named the agbada formation, and a lower shaly akata formation. Its development began after the eocene tectonic phase. An estimate of oil window in nigeria niger delta basin from. Niger delta niger delta facts history of niger delta.
Niger delta oil bearing communities, massively threatening the subsistent peasant agricultural economy. An estimate of oil window in nigeria niger delta basin. Niger delta petroleum resources plc upstream nigeria oil. Department of geology, university of nigeria, nsukka, enugu state, nigeria email. Introduction akwa ibom state is one of the thirtysix states that makeup nigeria and one of the nine oil and gas producing states of the niger delta region in. The tadelu field in western niger delta, nigeria, consists of a series of vertically stacked reservoirs in the agbada formation, thus making the field a complex sedimentary environment. This was done using the hewlett packard 5890 series ii plus gc equipped with a 50 m. The coastal sedimentary basin of nigeria has been the scene of three depositional cycles. Hydrocarbon exploration started in the niger delta in 1937, and it was not until 1956 that the first oil well was.
Udoh 1,2department of geology, university of port harcourt, port harcourt, nigeria. Kurowska university of silesia department of fundamental geology sosnowiec poland abstract niger delta sedimentary basin is a large arcuate delta of the destructive dominated wave type that has been explored for. The niger delta the nigerdelta area of nigeria coincides approximately to the southsouth geopolitical zone of the country fig i. Hydrocarbon charge in petroleum systems of the niger delta, nigeria.
The hydrocarbon reservoirs in this study were found to be in the agbada formation, which is in conformity with the geology of the niger delta, nigeria. Home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic groups, this floodplain makes up 7. Erml 1997 defines the original niger delta region about 29,900 square kilometers as comprising the area covered by the natural delta of the river niger and the areas to the east and west. Nov, 2015 7the niger delta province petroleum geology i ss 2014 facies distribution of the niger delta fig. The nigerdelta has suffered the degradation effects of oil exploration and exploitation. The thickness of the basin ranges between 1012km and it is. Formations in niger delta area, nigeria short and stauble, 1967. The onshore portion of the niger delta province is delineated by the geology of southern nigeria and southwestern cameroon.
651 30 448 965 351 27 39 163 749 774 665 354 1111 1279 382 1387 1034 1109 1219 401 859 1384 747 46 453 516 370 747 280 1475 314 1182